The Untold History of Depok: When a Quiet West Java City Operated as an Independent ‘State’ with Its Own Presidents

Long before it officially became an autonomous municipality in the West Java province on April 27, 1999, and decades prior to its time as a mere administrative district within Bogor…

The Untold History of Depok: From a Dutch Merchant’s Private Estate to a Self-Governing Republic Led by Presidents

Long before it officially became an autonomous municipality in West Java on April 27, 1999—and decades prior to functioning merely as a district under the jurisdiction of Bogor Regency—Depok held…

The Untold Story of Depok: From a Colonial Private Estate and Self-Governing "Republic" to a Modern Indonesian City

Long before it officially attained the status of an independent municipality in the province of West Java on April 27, 1999—back when it was still merely a quiet district tucked…